Why Boeing aircraft nose always touch the ground
Why Boeing aircraft
nose always touch the ground?
According to the network media: May 16, 2008, Indian Airlines (Air India) hire United Airlines (United Air Lines, Inc., Referred to as "United") and No. VT-AIK Boeing 777-222ER passenger aircraft implementation of AI717 flight in Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Airport (Mumbai Chhatrapati ShivajiInte.Airport),locomotiveengineers implementing "project testing", the front landing gear suddenly "collapsed" (put away), resulting in head touch the ground (see Figure 1).
July 1, 2007, Air China Limited (Air China Limited, referred to as
"Air China") and No. B-2553 Boeing 767 aircraft, the implementation
of CA941 flight; by the Beijing
AircraftMaintenanceEngineering
Co., Ltd. (Aircraft Maintenance and Engineering Corporation ,
referred to as "Ameco") to provide ground service
support. Landing gear hydraulic system functions
during testing, the aircraft's front landing gear put away, the
nose hit the ground (see photo
2).
January 25, 2006, Luxembourg Cargo (Cargolux Airlines International SA) LX-TCV number of Boeing 747-4R7F Executive CV798/799 cargo plane cargo services, conducted in Shanghai Pudong Airport logistics support stations, the aircraft's front landing gear put away, the nose hit the ground (See photo 3).
Such
accidents have
occurred:
June 2004, China Airlines Boeing 747 cargo plane, landing gear incident occurred before the error received;
September 1997, Shanghai, China Airlines Boeing 757 B-2810 aircraft, and landing gear incident occurred before the error received.
Boeing 777, Boeing 767, Boeing 747, Boeing 757, why is always the first Boeing aircraft landing gear on the ground away, causing the aircraft nose touch the ground?
Problem solving: the concept of the aircraft nose touch the ground
Modern medium-sized aircraft generally have to be received on the left and right body landing gear down (commonly known as the main landing gear) and the nose landing gear and can be opened and closed the landing gear door. Aircraft landing gear, the name suggests, it is the aircraft and airport runway surface contacts for the parking of aircraft ground support and the time of takeoff, landing roll when the transmission.
Typically, the operation of landing gear and door driven by hydraulic power; the operation of the control is from the cockpit of the "landing gear handle" to control.
When the "landing gear handle," put "down" (DN) position, landing gear doors first opened, then the landing gear loose lock down, lock, and finally landing gear door closed.
When the "landing gear handle," placed in the "income on" (UP) position, landing gear doors first opened, then gear up, lock, and finally landing gear door closed.
Simply speaking, the aircraft's landing gear had "put down" and "close to" two states; either income or down on the landing gear, he always opened the door, after door off.
Aircraft parked in the ground state, the former landing gear accidentally put away, the aircraft lost before the support points, causing the aircraft nose touching the ground. The result is damage to the aircraft structure, local equipment obsolescence, repair costs tens of millions, some of the aircraft and therefore scrapped in situ.
This is usually listed asaviation maintenancehuman error incident ground. It is the workers, but managers do not expect there to happen from time to time.
Of the essay: 1. Caused the landing gear put away the relevant factors in the ground
Cargo Airlines to Luxembourg as an example: I think that this is the multiple factors contribute to the human error events.
1. Cargolux Airlines LX-TCV arriving aircraft delay
January 24, 2006, Luxembourg LX-TCV Cargo Boeing 747-4R7F No. cargo plane, the implementation of cargo flights: CV798/799;
Planned arrival of the (Shanghai Pudong Airport) Time: at 9:45 p.m. on the 24 January;
Planned absence (Shanghai Pudong International Airport) Time: at 00:15 on the 25 January;
Actual arrival time: at 2:36 on the January 25;
Expected departure time: at 5:27 on the January 25th.
LX-TIC delays to flights to Hong Kong nearly five hours, is associated with this event the first dominant factor. Ground and wait staff inaction, the time consuming grinding, physical and mental exhaustion, buried the incident basedahint.
2. TAECO Shanghai Maintenance Division found that the ground before the aircraft landing gear door will not work
The same day, a total of A, B two engineers and A, B, C three mechanics on duty.
Machine January 25 2:57 am stop flight No. 537.
To load cargo and refueling of aircraft and other ground service work required to drag the aircraft flight No. 304. Drag the aircraft prior to a good placement off the landing gear ground safety lock to prevent accidental landing gear put away.
A duty mechanic tried to open the door before the landing gear to the nose landing gear ground lock pin placement. In service, the aircraft nose landing gear door can not be found in the normal open.
Under normal circumstances, "pull down" (pull down) before the landing gear door of "open the door handle the ground", the door lock hook was torn off before the landing gear door within the hydraulic actuator to be released by gravity pine door you can turn off (the industry calls manually open the door). At this point, even if pushed back again to put away the handle position, the landing gear doors would not close, because the landing gear doors need to close the hydraulic power drive. However, if the handle stuck in the "pull down" position, when the aircraft took off normally retract the gear, the landing gear doors will be closed with the move. Of course, this situation is allowed to exist.
Aircraft landing gear door failed to manually open the former, while "pull down" the first landing gear door "open ground handle" can not be pushed back from. Thus, before the aircraft landing gear door was found open and close function there is a fault.
Subsequently, the implementation of placement by the mechanic B good ground before the landing gear lock pin; further drag aircraft. Aircraft about 04:00 am on Jan. 25, was dragged 304 seats, carrying goods in here and add fuel.
A duty engineer are "found fault" report, confirmed that all the "landing gear ground lock pin," after the reign, to the cockpit, "connect", 1 electric hydraulic pump control gates, to the No. 1 hydraulic system provides hydraulic power , then "super control" mobile "landing gear handle" to "close on" (UP) parking spaces, opened in this way before the landing gear door (the industry calls emergency mode).
Boeing family of aircraft "landing gear handle" design of the "down", "Disconnect", "close to" three positions.
Aircraft parked in the ground state, the handle is locked limit can not be raised to "close on" position. The "gear lever" next to the other with a "manual override button", or when the aircraft maintenance work needed in emergency conditions, can press the "super-control button", and bring "gear lever" home "income on "(UP) position. Once the landing gear handle placed in the "income on" position, but also connected to the No. 1 hydraulic system, hydraulic power, as mentioned earlier, the aircraft's landing gear door opens.
After re-engineer A "disconnect" No. 1 hydraulic system, and put up warning in the control gates Agency plates - to prevent others from freely connected to hydraulic system and landing gear door closed unexpectedly led to the situation before the occurrence, so that they front landing gear compartment for safely troubleshooting work.
This is the second dominant factor in the incident. The failure of the state, level of difficulty; ground handling staff have completed the routine work involved, I do not know how much additional work also.
3. Locomotive Engineers inspection found: aircraft nose landing gear door lock actuator's a "safety bolt" missing
Safety bolt is missing, causing the nose landing gear door will not work; the same time, the former landing gear door, "the ground to open the handle," can not be reset.
Cargo headquarters to Luxembourg by maintenance control of the reports - the report found the problem, asking the missing "security bolts" of the piece number; Contact - to contact the station air material warehouse, find no qualified spare parts; and then transfer data information to the Luxembourg Aviation Division maintenance control department; after twists and turns, agreed with other security bolts bolt to replace the lost, as a temporary treatment.
To complete the work and carried out before the landing gear door opening and closing function test: through connect the hydraulic power system and the mobile "gear lever" from "close to" place to move "down" position - the landing gear doors will be closed; from the "down" position to move "revenue on the" bit - the landing gear door will open. Function test results are satisfactory, and, before the landing gear door, "the ground to open the handle" can be reset up.
Before the landing gear door lock actuator bolts to install good security, "the ground to open the handle" after reset, the ground state, as long as No. 1 in the cockpit connected to hydraulic power hydraulic systems, the former landing gear door on the will be closed; and pulled the "landing gear handle," Control of front landing gear doors open and close, you can confirm that the aircraft taking off and landing phase of collection, landing gear, the landing gear door could open and close follower .
Thus, the examination revealed troubleshooting completed. Time is the early morning of 25 January 0630; machine unit has been in place in the cockpit seat, cargo loading (about 110 tons), fuel filling (about 127 tons), etc. have been completed; plane left Hong Kong for more than expected time of one hour, "troubleshooting" work station to extend the aircraft over time. This is the third incident dominant factors.
4. The event the parties of the psychological variables
Worried about the flight caused by row over station car park it takes too long delays in aircraft departures, eager to gain time, as soon as possible to "push" the aircraft; and, eager to complete the shift of service jobs (the duty engineer was also responsible for other A flight aircraft, the shift time is January 24 at 8:00 - January 25 7.00 am).
Working long hours, face many things, such as delays in aircraft departures conditions exist, serious time pressure, driven by workers plan will be tricky, there were "procedural error." This is the party of the event-related psychological variables.
A responsible engineer in the cockpit before the completion of aircraft landing gear door functional test, the "landing gear handle," placed in the "income on" (up) position, in order to allow the former landing gear door must remain "open" status , so he installed on the row of "security bolts" to do the final status of inspections;
After the duty engineer A first let the mechanic (in the nose landing gear door is not closed prior to) remove the front landing gear "lock off the ground," is for convenience of mechanical work performed; and, well ahead of the aircraft launched preparation;
A responsibility to engineer and then to the cockpit, first took the captain reported to have been troubleshooting the situation, and second, to record this on the record of flight discovered the situation and signed release troubleshooting aircraft; same time, to close the front landing gear door, be once again connected to the hydraulic power system 1.
Seriously, then A ignores the responsibility of engineers on the "income on" (UP) position of "landing gear handle."
The results, due to the machine, "landing gear handle," has been in "close on" (UP) position, the aircraft before the landing gear "lock off the ground" has been removed, once connected to the No. 1 hydraulic system, together with "man-made error "ground incident occurred.
The three simultaneous mechanical condition or the existence of important events is the dominant factor. (Aircraft main landing gear and nose landing gear of the configuration and by the force of the differences in the same conditions, produced before the landing gear put away, but not for the main landing gear remained intact.)
Fortunately, this incident did not hurt any person.
5. And the incident related to the existence of each element, continuity and links to events constitute "accident chain"; and each "link" of the time break, the final occurrence of the incident have been avoided -
① arrival flight delays - ② front landing gear door could not open normally - ③ before the landing gear door lock actuator on the "security bolts" Lost - ④ row over station flight delays so the pressure of time, the parties The "fear", "anxiety", "will seek" and other emotional state of mind - ⑤ landing gear handle had "received a" bit - ⑥ before the landing gear "lock off the ground" has been removed - ⑦ for the final closure Once again, before the landing gear door No. 1 hydraulic system connected to - ⑧ Boeing aircraft design and manufacture, to make this ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ 3, while the existence Possibility - results: "LX-KCV aircraft landing gear in the ground before the closing The incident "occurred.
It is worth noting that a potential factor - aircraft design and manufacturing defect.
Of the essay: 2. Different Airbus aircraft and smart
Ground before the aircraft landing gear put away, the nose touch the ground when the incident occurred, but had occurred in "Boeing aircraft" on. But such incidents, in the "Airbus" has never appeared.
These two types of aircraft operational safety and maintainability, from design and manufacturing point of view is different. Different designs, with different features, can lead to different consequences.
Airbus aircraft "landing gear handle" only "down", "close to" 2 position; Boeing aircraft "landing gear retractable handle," the "down", "off", "close to" three positions. The biggest difference is: when the Boeing family of aircraft on the ground can be "artificial super-charged" bring home the landing gear handle, "received a" bit; while Airbus has no "artificial super-control" feature.
Retractable landing gear lever is usually unlock control electromagnetic valve, and solenoid valve power of two conditions: space gates in the "air spaces" (equivalent aircraft in the air condition), or "artificial super-control." If there is no "manual override" logic, really makes unexpected landing gear on the ground really difficult to put away. Because you can not move the landing gear handle. Gates open space unless you pull a jump switch, so that the aircraft is in the air imitating the state. At this time, there are other Airbus aircraft insurance functions work - cutting off the hydraulic power operation of landing gear systems. If you need to ground test the aircraft landing gear hydraulic power function, we will be lifting the aircraft. As a result, the ground unexpectedly retract the gear is almost impossible chance. Boeing family of aircraft, as can be "artificial super-control" operation brought home the landing gear handle, "close to" place, resulting in B757, B767, B747, B777 and other models have occurred in the ground before the landing gear put away, the nose hit the ground events. The Airbus aircraft if a similar incident never happened.
The design, manufacturing, the lack of - "crude" - occasional round now, no complete, have contributed to such a potential for human error events; Though there are various "Manual"," procedures "requirement constraints It was always bound to happen but "procedural error"; range from the ground caused the incident, while in plane crash cause; aviation experts generally believe that the best way to prevent errors in the design process to eliminate them.
Boeing to expand after the European Airbus, Boeing successfully absorbed the experience, but also draws less than Boeing's missing are the so-called later came to be perfected.
Of the essay: 3. How to Understand the Aviation Maintenance "human error"
Aviation maintenance human error as "human error" rather than "deliberate act" or "knowingly."
Type of human error as "procedural error" - non-technical, because there are no technical difficulties, only a time sequence, procedures and process of thinking problem. Party loss, busy in error, haste makes waste, can be worth the ... ... with a pigeon, it should not happen again with the "human error" - do not do that, "poor" the point; not to do to do it, "off" a bit "wrong" a little.
If asked the parties: in the last turn before the hydraulic system, why not "keep calm" about the working procedures and the consequences? Indeed, if the final operation in the movement to make the occasion even just 1,2 seconds, the "cool" and "thinking", perhaps from this incident occurred.
Based on the objective listed on the front of the existing factors (time, environmental conditions, personnel psychology), the event inevitably occurred. A recognition of the responsibility of engineers: "I can not explain why I did this wrong." (I can not explain why I made this mistake.)
This group works crew, the day routine and found that the arrangements of the program activities are appropriate; However, some important action has been neglected; to do the right activities, or time pressure, or psychological anxiety, However, based on the wrong order, the result, not the entire activities planned. This is what happened, "human error" in the mechanism of the host. As the saying goes, the more will drown the water; "technicians" many mistakes.
"People always make mistakes" - Murphy's Law says.
Someone goes wrong, usually tend to blame some of the negative elements associated with the error. For example, the "stupid," "lazy," "careless," and so, even to say "how stupid it was committed to a particular mistake," and attributed this in itself is wrong. Because people will not willful errors. Errors in the surrounding environment, people's background, training and other factors, generally provide adequate way of doing things to cause errors in the grounds.
In fact, at different times, in different locations, involving different people, and with the same types of events have been occurring in the repeat. A similar "accident chain" if not fundamentally the crack, the next will be who?
Conclusion
Sound design is the best way to pre-empt mistakes; treatment of the use of repeated problems occur or occurs, the best path is the implementation of design changes; users can not change the design, it is necessary to change his - "before the vehicle overturned after Car commandment. "
According to the network media: May 16, 2008, Indian Airlines (Air India) hire United Airlines (United Air Lines, Inc., Referred to as "United") and No. VT-AIK Boeing 777-222ER passenger aircraft implementation of AI717 flight in Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Airport (Mumbai Chhatrapati ShivajiInte.Airport),locomotiveengineers implementing "project testing", the front landing gear suddenly "collapsed" (put away), resulting in head touch the ground (see Figure 1).
January 25, 2006, Luxembourg Cargo (Cargolux Airlines International SA) LX-TCV number of Boeing 747-4R7F Executive CV798/799 cargo plane cargo services, conducted in Shanghai Pudong Airport logistics support stations, the aircraft's front landing gear put away, the nose hit the ground (See photo 3).
June 2004, China Airlines Boeing 747 cargo plane, landing gear incident occurred before the error received;
September 1997, Shanghai, China Airlines Boeing 757 B-2810 aircraft, and landing gear incident occurred before the error received.
Boeing 777, Boeing 767, Boeing 747, Boeing 757, why is always the first Boeing aircraft landing gear on the ground away, causing the aircraft nose touch the ground?
Problem solving: the concept of the aircraft nose touch the ground
Modern medium-sized aircraft generally have to be received on the left and right body landing gear down (commonly known as the main landing gear) and the nose landing gear and can be opened and closed the landing gear door. Aircraft landing gear, the name suggests, it is the aircraft and airport runway surface contacts for the parking of aircraft ground support and the time of takeoff, landing roll when the transmission.
Typically, the operation of landing gear and door driven by hydraulic power; the operation of the control is from the cockpit of the "landing gear handle" to control.
When the "landing gear handle," put "down" (DN) position, landing gear doors first opened, then the landing gear loose lock down, lock, and finally landing gear door closed.
When the "landing gear handle," placed in the "income on" (UP) position, landing gear doors first opened, then gear up, lock, and finally landing gear door closed.
Simply speaking, the aircraft's landing gear had "put down" and "close to" two states; either income or down on the landing gear, he always opened the door, after door off.
Aircraft parked in the ground state, the former landing gear accidentally put away, the aircraft lost before the support points, causing the aircraft nose touching the ground. The result is damage to the aircraft structure, local equipment obsolescence, repair costs tens of millions, some of the aircraft and therefore scrapped in situ.
This is usually listed asaviation maintenancehuman error incident ground. It is the workers, but managers do not expect there to happen from time to time.
Of the essay: 1. Caused the landing gear put away the relevant factors in the ground
Cargo Airlines to Luxembourg as an example: I think that this is the multiple factors contribute to the human error events.
1. Cargolux Airlines LX-TCV arriving aircraft delay
January 24, 2006, Luxembourg LX-TCV Cargo Boeing 747-4R7F No. cargo plane, the implementation of cargo flights: CV798/799;
Planned arrival of the (Shanghai Pudong Airport) Time: at 9:45 p.m. on the 24 January;
Planned absence (Shanghai Pudong International Airport) Time: at 00:15 on the 25 January;
Actual arrival time: at 2:36 on the January 25;
Expected departure time: at 5:27 on the January 25th.
LX-TIC delays to flights to Hong Kong nearly five hours, is associated with this event the first dominant factor. Ground and wait staff inaction, the time consuming grinding, physical and mental exhaustion, buried the incident basedahint.
2. TAECO Shanghai Maintenance Division found that the ground before the aircraft landing gear door will not work
The same day, a total of A, B two engineers and A, B, C three mechanics on duty.
Machine January 25 2:57 am stop flight No. 537.
To load cargo and refueling of aircraft and other ground service work required to drag the aircraft flight No. 304. Drag the aircraft prior to a good placement off the landing gear ground safety lock to prevent accidental landing gear put away.
A duty mechanic tried to open the door before the landing gear to the nose landing gear ground lock pin placement. In service, the aircraft nose landing gear door can not be found in the normal open.
Under normal circumstances, "pull down" (pull down) before the landing gear door of "open the door handle the ground", the door lock hook was torn off before the landing gear door within the hydraulic actuator to be released by gravity pine door you can turn off (the industry calls manually open the door). At this point, even if pushed back again to put away the handle position, the landing gear doors would not close, because the landing gear doors need to close the hydraulic power drive. However, if the handle stuck in the "pull down" position, when the aircraft took off normally retract the gear, the landing gear doors will be closed with the move. Of course, this situation is allowed to exist.
Aircraft landing gear door failed to manually open the former, while "pull down" the first landing gear door "open ground handle" can not be pushed back from. Thus, before the aircraft landing gear door was found open and close function there is a fault.
Subsequently, the implementation of placement by the mechanic B good ground before the landing gear lock pin; further drag aircraft. Aircraft about 04:00 am on Jan. 25, was dragged 304 seats, carrying goods in here and add fuel.
A duty engineer are "found fault" report, confirmed that all the "landing gear ground lock pin," after the reign, to the cockpit, "connect", 1 electric hydraulic pump control gates, to the No. 1 hydraulic system provides hydraulic power , then "super control" mobile "landing gear handle" to "close on" (UP) parking spaces, opened in this way before the landing gear door (the industry calls emergency mode).
Boeing family of aircraft "landing gear handle" design of the "down", "Disconnect", "close to" three positions.
Aircraft parked in the ground state, the handle is locked limit can not be raised to "close on" position. The "gear lever" next to the other with a "manual override button", or when the aircraft maintenance work needed in emergency conditions, can press the "super-control button", and bring "gear lever" home "income on "(UP) position. Once the landing gear handle placed in the "income on" position, but also connected to the No. 1 hydraulic system, hydraulic power, as mentioned earlier, the aircraft's landing gear door opens.
After re-engineer A "disconnect" No. 1 hydraulic system, and put up warning in the control gates Agency plates - to prevent others from freely connected to hydraulic system and landing gear door closed unexpectedly led to the situation before the occurrence, so that they front landing gear compartment for safely troubleshooting work.
This is the second dominant factor in the incident. The failure of the state, level of difficulty; ground handling staff have completed the routine work involved, I do not know how much additional work also.
3. Locomotive Engineers inspection found: aircraft nose landing gear door lock actuator's a "safety bolt" missing
Safety bolt is missing, causing the nose landing gear door will not work; the same time, the former landing gear door, "the ground to open the handle," can not be reset.
Cargo headquarters to Luxembourg by maintenance control of the reports - the report found the problem, asking the missing "security bolts" of the piece number; Contact - to contact the station air material warehouse, find no qualified spare parts; and then transfer data information to the Luxembourg Aviation Division maintenance control department; after twists and turns, agreed with other security bolts bolt to replace the lost, as a temporary treatment.
To complete the work and carried out before the landing gear door opening and closing function test: through connect the hydraulic power system and the mobile "gear lever" from "close to" place to move "down" position - the landing gear doors will be closed; from the "down" position to move "revenue on the" bit - the landing gear door will open. Function test results are satisfactory, and, before the landing gear door, "the ground to open the handle" can be reset up.
Before the landing gear door lock actuator bolts to install good security, "the ground to open the handle" after reset, the ground state, as long as No. 1 in the cockpit connected to hydraulic power hydraulic systems, the former landing gear door on the will be closed; and pulled the "landing gear handle," Control of front landing gear doors open and close, you can confirm that the aircraft taking off and landing phase of collection, landing gear, the landing gear door could open and close follower .
Thus, the examination revealed troubleshooting completed. Time is the early morning of 25 January 0630; machine unit has been in place in the cockpit seat, cargo loading (about 110 tons), fuel filling (about 127 tons), etc. have been completed; plane left Hong Kong for more than expected time of one hour, "troubleshooting" work station to extend the aircraft over time. This is the third incident dominant factors.
4. The event the parties of the psychological variables
Worried about the flight caused by row over station car park it takes too long delays in aircraft departures, eager to gain time, as soon as possible to "push" the aircraft; and, eager to complete the shift of service jobs (the duty engineer was also responsible for other A flight aircraft, the shift time is January 24 at 8:00 - January 25 7.00 am).
Working long hours, face many things, such as delays in aircraft departures conditions exist, serious time pressure, driven by workers plan will be tricky, there were "procedural error." This is the party of the event-related psychological variables.
A responsible engineer in the cockpit before the completion of aircraft landing gear door functional test, the "landing gear handle," placed in the "income on" (up) position, in order to allow the former landing gear door must remain "open" status , so he installed on the row of "security bolts" to do the final status of inspections;
After the duty engineer A first let the mechanic (in the nose landing gear door is not closed prior to) remove the front landing gear "lock off the ground," is for convenience of mechanical work performed; and, well ahead of the aircraft launched preparation;
A responsibility to engineer and then to the cockpit, first took the captain reported to have been troubleshooting the situation, and second, to record this on the record of flight discovered the situation and signed release troubleshooting aircraft; same time, to close the front landing gear door, be once again connected to the hydraulic power system 1.
Seriously, then A ignores the responsibility of engineers on the "income on" (UP) position of "landing gear handle."
The results, due to the machine, "landing gear handle," has been in "close on" (UP) position, the aircraft before the landing gear "lock off the ground" has been removed, once connected to the No. 1 hydraulic system, together with "man-made error "ground incident occurred.
The three simultaneous mechanical condition or the existence of important events is the dominant factor. (Aircraft main landing gear and nose landing gear of the configuration and by the force of the differences in the same conditions, produced before the landing gear put away, but not for the main landing gear remained intact.)
Fortunately, this incident did not hurt any person.
5. And the incident related to the existence of each element, continuity and links to events constitute "accident chain"; and each "link" of the time break, the final occurrence of the incident have been avoided -
① arrival flight delays - ② front landing gear door could not open normally - ③ before the landing gear door lock actuator on the "security bolts" Lost - ④ row over station flight delays so the pressure of time, the parties The "fear", "anxiety", "will seek" and other emotional state of mind - ⑤ landing gear handle had "received a" bit - ⑥ before the landing gear "lock off the ground" has been removed - ⑦ for the final closure Once again, before the landing gear door No. 1 hydraulic system connected to - ⑧ Boeing aircraft design and manufacture, to make this ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ 3, while the existence Possibility - results: "LX-KCV aircraft landing gear in the ground before the closing The incident "occurred.
It is worth noting that a potential factor - aircraft design and manufacturing defect.
Of the essay: 2. Different Airbus aircraft and smart
Ground before the aircraft landing gear put away, the nose touch the ground when the incident occurred, but had occurred in "Boeing aircraft" on. But such incidents, in the "Airbus" has never appeared.
These two types of aircraft operational safety and maintainability, from design and manufacturing point of view is different. Different designs, with different features, can lead to different consequences.
Airbus aircraft "landing gear handle" only "down", "close to" 2 position; Boeing aircraft "landing gear retractable handle," the "down", "off", "close to" three positions. The biggest difference is: when the Boeing family of aircraft on the ground can be "artificial super-charged" bring home the landing gear handle, "received a" bit; while Airbus has no "artificial super-control" feature.
Retractable landing gear lever is usually unlock control electromagnetic valve, and solenoid valve power of two conditions: space gates in the "air spaces" (equivalent aircraft in the air condition), or "artificial super-control." If there is no "manual override" logic, really makes unexpected landing gear on the ground really difficult to put away. Because you can not move the landing gear handle. Gates open space unless you pull a jump switch, so that the aircraft is in the air imitating the state. At this time, there are other Airbus aircraft insurance functions work - cutting off the hydraulic power operation of landing gear systems. If you need to ground test the aircraft landing gear hydraulic power function, we will be lifting the aircraft. As a result, the ground unexpectedly retract the gear is almost impossible chance. Boeing family of aircraft, as can be "artificial super-control" operation brought home the landing gear handle, "close to" place, resulting in B757, B767, B747, B777 and other models have occurred in the ground before the landing gear put away, the nose hit the ground events. The Airbus aircraft if a similar incident never happened.
The design, manufacturing, the lack of - "crude" - occasional round now, no complete, have contributed to such a potential for human error events; Though there are various "Manual"," procedures "requirement constraints It was always bound to happen but "procedural error"; range from the ground caused the incident, while in plane crash cause; aviation experts generally believe that the best way to prevent errors in the design process to eliminate them.
Boeing to expand after the European Airbus, Boeing successfully absorbed the experience, but also draws less than Boeing's missing are the so-called later came to be perfected.
Of the essay: 3. How to Understand the Aviation Maintenance "human error"
Aviation maintenance human error as "human error" rather than "deliberate act" or "knowingly."
Type of human error as "procedural error" - non-technical, because there are no technical difficulties, only a time sequence, procedures and process of thinking problem. Party loss, busy in error, haste makes waste, can be worth the ... ... with a pigeon, it should not happen again with the "human error" - do not do that, "poor" the point; not to do to do it, "off" a bit "wrong" a little.
If asked the parties: in the last turn before the hydraulic system, why not "keep calm" about the working procedures and the consequences? Indeed, if the final operation in the movement to make the occasion even just 1,2 seconds, the "cool" and "thinking", perhaps from this incident occurred.
Based on the objective listed on the front of the existing factors (time, environmental conditions, personnel psychology), the event inevitably occurred. A recognition of the responsibility of engineers: "I can not explain why I did this wrong." (I can not explain why I made this mistake.)
This group works crew, the day routine and found that the arrangements of the program activities are appropriate; However, some important action has been neglected; to do the right activities, or time pressure, or psychological anxiety, However, based on the wrong order, the result, not the entire activities planned. This is what happened, "human error" in the mechanism of the host. As the saying goes, the more will drown the water; "technicians" many mistakes.
"People always make mistakes" - Murphy's Law says.
Someone goes wrong, usually tend to blame some of the negative elements associated with the error. For example, the "stupid," "lazy," "careless," and so, even to say "how stupid it was committed to a particular mistake," and attributed this in itself is wrong. Because people will not willful errors. Errors in the surrounding environment, people's background, training and other factors, generally provide adequate way of doing things to cause errors in the grounds.
In fact, at different times, in different locations, involving different people, and with the same types of events have been occurring in the repeat. A similar "accident chain" if not fundamentally the crack, the next will be who?
Conclusion
Sound design is the best way to pre-empt mistakes; treatment of the use of repeated problems occur or occurs, the best path is the implementation of design changes; users can not change the design, it is necessary to change his - "before the vehicle overturned after Car commandment. "
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